Fundamentals of Natural Gas Chemistry
In order to understand the chemistry of natural gas, it is important to be familiar with some basic concepts of general chemistry.
Papers
Applied NGL Metering Station Design
A liquid measurement station can be as simple as a single meter run allocation measurement or as complex as a multi meter run station with a multitasking control system. Regardless of complexity the measurement quality is no better than the quality of the system design. Utilizing a state of the art meter technology will not …
Auditing Liquid Measurement Facilities
The word “Auditing” is often used to imply that activities related to a review of general business practices, and procedures for an asset or business unit, are under way. The objective of those activities is to assure compliance with corporate policies and procedures, industry and government standards, and sound management principles. Additional objectives may include …
Verification/Calibration of Devices Used in Static Liquid Measurement
The purpose of verifying or calibrating liquid measurement devices is to ensure the accuracy of quantities being reported. With millions of dollars at stake, fractions of an inch or tenths of a degree Fahrenheit can make quite an impact to bottom line. At its most basic, the static (as opposed to dynamic, the use of …
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Fundamental Overview of an NGL Metering Station Design
In this paper I will attempt to give a fundamental overview of an NGL meter station design; however, it is not a straight forward, one size fits all scenario. There are multiple considerations that influence the meter station design and all must be taken into account. Major considerations are: what product or products will be …
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Fundamentals of Densitometers and Pycnometers
This paper will discuss pycnometers used to calibrate densitometers. In using a pycnometer, you must have the correct scales, pressure gauges and thermometers. You will learn the steps necessary to install, operate and calibrate the instrument. The use of Densitometers is wide spread over many different industries. These range from food & beverage industries to …
Fundamentals of Natural Gas Liquid Measurement
The measurement of natural gas liquids (NGL) is similar in many respects to that of other hydrocarbon liquids but is markedly different in other aspects. The main difference in NGL measurement is the need to properly address the effects of solution mixing. Measuring NGL by mass measurement techniques will properly address solution mixing effects because …
Fundamentals of NGL Sampling Systems
The purpose of this paper is to discuss in depth the systems we use as a standard to sample natural gas liquids, or NGL’s. Before we discuss the systems and methods used to sample these products, we must first clearly define what NGL’s are. NGL’s can be a combination of any fluid in liquid form …
Fundamentals of Meter Provers and Proving Methods
This paper will verify the history, requirements and operation of all Provers accepted for liquid pipeline meter uncertainty verification in the Liquid Oil/Gas Industry. It will continue with an explanation and the industries wide acceptance of the Uni-directional Captive Displacement Prover (UDCDP). This document will supply the reader with information regarding meter types and the …
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Fundamentals of Mass Measurement ( Coriolis Meters)
The first flow meter utilizing the Coriolis force to measure mass flow was patented in 1978. Today, hundreds of thousands of Coriolis meters are in service in the hydrocarbon industry to measure mass, volume, and density of a wide variety of fluids. The American Petroleum Institute published Chapter 5.6 entitled “Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by …
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