Papers

A number of control signals have been developed and used as technology has evolved and been applied to the natural gas industry. Control signals are a standardized method of conveying information from one device to another. A control signal is the data sent from one device to another by a specific method. In industrial process …

Overview of Electricity as Applicable to Measurement (Part 2) Read More »

The efficient operation and maintenance of electrical and electronic systems utilized in the natural gas industry is substantially determined by the technician’s skill in applying the basic concepts of electrical circuitry. This paper will discuss the basic electrical laws, electrical terms and control signals as they apply to natural gas measurement systems.

This paper presents fundamental information necessary to understand and appreciate the concept of total gas energy in a natural gas pipeline. That is, to be able to converse with peers within the natural gas industry and understand basic concepts and terminology. Discussed is the historical transition from volumetric measurement to total gas energy including some …

Fundamentals of Energy Determination – AGA 5 Read More »

Since the early 1980s, Coriolis meters have gained worldwide acceptance in gas, liquid, and slurry applications with an installed base of more than one million units. Through significant design, enhancements in the early 1990s Coriolis meters have rapidly gained worldwide acceptance in gas phase applications with over 100,000 meters installed worldwide and most notably the …

Fundamentals of Coriolis Meters for Gas Measurement – AGA Report No. 11 Read More »

What if you could install lightning-free automation? Well, now you can. Wireless automation has changed the paradigm associated with lightning damage to oilfield automation.

This paper will address concepts of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) Systems and their application to the measurement industry. An important focus of the paper is to provide the reader with an understanding of the technology and with guidelines to be used to evaluate this equipment as part of an automation project.

Ultrasonic meters have been used in gas custody transfer measurement worldwide for over 25 years with varying degrees of success. Initial attempts proved unstable and maintenance intensive, this was contrary to the initial expectations which foresaw a device with little or no obstruction, limitless turndown and little to no required maintenance. The advent of higher …

Fundamentals of Multipath Ultrasonic Flow Meters for Gas Measurement Read More »

Electronic flow measurement as applied to the natural gas industry has advanced considerably over the last 30 years. Applications to address Upstream, Midstream and Downstream gas measurement technologies have become more complex. Over time it has become necessary to understand the fundaments that make up this ever changing environment. This paper will discuss the important …

Fundamentals of Electronic Flow Meter Design, Application, & Implementation Read More »

The correct measuring of Pressure and Temperature is one of the most important elements in the accurate measurement of Natural Gas. The basic principles were established many years ago by two men, Robert Boyle an Anglo Irish philosopher, chemist, and physicist and Jacques Charles, a French Inventor, scientist and mathematician.

The history of orifice metering began in the early 1900’s. The first test data was done by the U.S. Geological Survey and in 1913 the first “Handbook of Natural Gas” was published. So as you can tell, orifice metering has been around for over 100 years and in that time much has been learned and …

Fundamentals of Orifice Metering Read More »