This paper presents methods for determining the uncertainty of both differential and positive metering stations. It takes into account the type of meter, number of meters in parallel, type of secondary instruments, and the determination of physical properties. The paper then relates this information to potential influence on system balance Introduction Gas measurement uncertainty is […]
With the increased use of Natural Gas as a fuel, and higher natural gas prices buyers and sellers of natural gas are seriously looking at ways to improve their natural gas measurement and reduce the error in natural gas measurement. A 6” Turbine or Ultrasonic meter operating at 1,000 Psi will move 100 MMSCF/Day. An […]
Like any other piece of equipment, a measurement artifact must be maintained. Obviously, it has to be in working order in general. However, what is more important is that it be operating within specified parameters and providing measurements that are traceable to a known source or sources. This paper provides a general overview of calibration […]
Capturing and processing measurement data relies on ever-evolving technology, equipment, and procedures. Current industry practices use flow computers located near the primary measuring device to capture, calculate, and store measurement data. Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems or polling engines (PEs) are used to collect measurement information on a scheduled frequency using microwave, fiber, […]
Given volatile natural gas prices and increased regulation by federal and state governments, the natural gas measurement industry has assumed an “every drop counts” approach to operations. As a result, issues such as measurement error and unaccounted-for (UAF) gas are under much closer scrutiny. Production, gathering, midstream, pipeline, and distribution companies are all responsible for […]
500 BTU/CF Manufactured Coal Gas was being Utilized in Europe and especially UK in the early to mid-1800’s Manufactured Coal Gas was being Utilized in Major US Cities by the Civil War as Numerous Municipal Gas Lighting and then Heavy Industrial Applications. Natural Gas Transmission arrived in NE in the early 1950’s. […]
There are many factors that must be considered in order to properly design a liquid measurement station. many of the components of measurement stations are similar, the criterion that determines the equipment to utilize for a given application or product can vary significantly from project to project. This paper will address the most common applications […]
What if you could install lightning-free automation? Well, now you can. Wireless automation has changed the paradigm associated with lightning damage to oilfield automation equipment. Background Historically, oil & gas automation has relied heavily on the direct burial of cable for signal communication from remote devices back to a central controller. This cable acts as […]
The knowledge base and continual flow of information from a field measurement technician to the measurement analyst located in the corporate office is extremely demanding. Every field technician is tested in both knowledge and skills on a daily basis regarding: Electronic controls to pneumatic controls Communication system support Multiple technical disciplines […]
any (likely most) gas pipeline companies struggle with lost-and-unaccounted-for-gas (L&U) and it can be a significant cost to their bottom line as shown below. As shown in this inset, by reducing L&U from 0.6 percent to .25 percent, a typical company with a 2 BCF daily throughput could save Over 7.6 million dollars annually based […]
