Papers

General Clamp-on meters are specified to achieve one to three per cent uncertainty. Manufacturers cannot control the quality of a given field installation and must provide latitude. Lab testing has demonstrated many installations perform at an accuracy level range of 1%. If a reliable installation technique is maintained, the clamp-on meter will often perform better …

CLAMP-ON ULTRASONIC FLOW METER APPLICATION AND PERFORMANCE Read More »

Verifying the correct operation and accuracy of the Gas Chromatograph (GC) is an integral part of a custody transfer metering system, and involves ensuring the accuracy of the analyzer at the time of testing, as well as confirming that the GC performed properly during the periods between validations and assessing the likelihood of continued proper …

VERIFYING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS AT CUSTODY TRANSFER LOCATIONS Read More »

An ultrasonic meter falls into the classification of inferential meters. Unlike positive displacement meters that capture volume to totalize volume, inferential meters measure flowing gas velocity to totalize volume. Ultrasonic meters use sound waves to measure flowing gas velocity to infer volume. Ultrasonic meters have been around for many years, primarily in liquid measurement. However, …

ULTRASONIC METERS FOR COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS Read More »

There was once a time when you could get a car in any color…as long as it was black. They had frames, running boards and 15 horsepower engines. Who could ever need more? Just like the auto industry has adapted from this original approach to meet the demands of consumers, regulators and shareholders, the gas …

SMART NETWORKS FOR GAS UTILITY SYSTEMS Read More »

This paper is intended to provide meter station designers with a basic methodology for selection of an appropriate flow meter (or meters) for a given application. Since many applications require that a meter station operate over a broad range of flow rates or loads, an example is provided on how to address system rangeability while …

METER SELECTION FOR VARIOUS LOAD REQUIREMENTS Read More »

Although, gas odorants are characterized as having a “low” hazard potential regarding health effects, their unique physical chemical properties such as, high flammability, require that they be handled safely. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the human health and environmental concerns associated with gas odorants, to recommend safe handling and …

GAS ODORANTS – SAFE HANDLING, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENT Read More »

Timely, diligent field testing and calibration of gas volume recording and correcting instruments ensure that measurement information fairly represents actual volumes. The instruments save a company capital and operating costs because they can record or integrate volumes at pressures and temperature above the normal pressure- base conditions specified in contracts for volume calculation. This allows …

FIELD INSPECTION AND CALIBRATION OF VOLUME CORRECTING DEVICES Read More »

The United States Department of Transportation (D.O.T.) is a department of the U.S. Federal Government which oversees all issues regarding transportation within the United States of America and U.S. Territories. Its influence around the world is great and widely respected, but its jurisdiction and power of enforcement is limited to the USA and its territories. …

D.O.T. Requirements for the Transportation of Sample Cylinders Read More »

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) is a gas composed of one Sulfur Atom and two Hydrogen Atoms. H2S is formed by the decomposition of organic matter and is therefore, found naturally in crude oil and natural gas deposits. H2S is a highly toxic, transparent, colorless and corrosive gas. Due to the toxic and caustic properties of this …

Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide and Total Sulfur in Natural Gas Read More »