Papers

The use of Liquid Ultrasonic Meters for liquid petroleum applications such as custody transfer or allocation measurement is gaining worldwide acceptance by the Oil Industry. Ultrasonic technology is well established but the use of this technology for custody transfer and allocation measurement is relatively new. Often users try to employ the same measurement practices that …

FUNDAMENTALS OF MULTIPATH ULTRASONIC FLOW METERS FOR LIQUID MEASUREMENT Read More »

This paper discusses fundamental principles of ultrasonic gas flow meters used for measurement of natural gas. A review of an ultrasonic meter’s operation and the equations used to determine actual volumetric flow is presented. The ultrasonic flow meter’s diagnostic capability will also be briefly presented. Further, diagnostic data, in conjunction with gas composition, pressure and …

Fundamentals of Multipath Ultrasonic flow meters for Gas Measurement Read More »

The majority of all gas measurement used in the world today is performed by two basic types of meters, positive displacement and inferential. Positive displacement meters, consisting mainly of diaphragm and rotary style devices, generally account for lower volume measurement. Orifice, ultrasonic and turbine meters are the three main inferential class meters used for large …

FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE METERS Read More »

In the gas industry a standard unit of measure is required. In the English system it is the standard cubic foot. In the metric, it is the standard cubic meter. This standard unit is the basis of all exchange in the gas industry. When the unit of purchase is the energy content (BTU) we achieve …

FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS LAWS Read More »

This paper presents fundamental information necessary to understand and appreciate the concept of total gas energy in a natural gas pipeline. That is, to be able to converse with peers within the natural gas industry and understand basic concepts and terminology. Discussed is the historical transition from volumetric measurement to total gas energy including some …

FUNDAMENTALS OF ENERGY DETERMINATION Read More »

Electronic flow measurement as applied to the natural gas industry has advanced considerably over the last 30 years. Applications to address Upstream, Midstream and Downstream gas measurement technologies have become more complex. Over time it has become necessary to understand the fundaments that make up this ever changing environment. This paper will discuss the important …

FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONIC FLOW METER DESIGN, APPLICATION & IMPLEMENTATION Read More »

Natural gas measurement is the vertebrae of any natural gas utility. Without the ability to measure, it would be impossible to account for the flow of gas from receipt to delivery. Very much like an accountant that labors to keep the ledger balanced, a utility needs metering to balance the gas producer’s receipts against the …

FUNDAMENTALS OF DIAPHRAGM DISPLACEMENT METERS Read More »

Since the early 1980s, Coriolis meters have gained worldwide acceptance in gas, liquid, and slurry applications with an installed base of more than one million units. Through significant design, enhancements in the early 1990s Coriolis meters have rapidly gained worldwide acceptance in gas phase applications with over 100,000 meters installed worldwide and most notably the …

FUNDAMENTALS OF CORIOLIS METERS AGA REPORT NO. 11 Read More »

Why Measure Pressure & Temperature? FUNDAMENTALS OF PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT Brian Cleary Emerson Process Management Measurements of pressure and temperature are made for many reasons and by several methods. This paper will focus on measurements made during gas production and transportation. In this industry, pressure and temperature measurements are primarily being made for three …

FUNDAMENTALS OF PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT Read More »

The American Petroleum Institute (API) Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 14.1, Collecting and Handling of Natural Gas Samples for Custody Transfer, provides practical guidance for gas sampling in custody transfer applications. Though gas sampling should not be performed without fully reading the standard, this paper is designed to provide supplemental information, illustrative examples, …

COLLECTING AND HANDLING OF NATURAL GAS SAMPLES FOR CUSTODY TRANSFER Read More »