Papers

The knowledge base from a field measurement technician to the measurement analyst is extremely demanding. Every field technician is tested in both knowledge and skills on a daily basis regarding:  Electronic controls to pneumatic controls  Communication system support  Multiple technical disciplines  Support of measurement equipment  Procedures that must be followed …

IMPROVING FLOW MEASUREMENTS WITH IMPROVED CALIBRATION AND DATA HANDLING PROCEDURES Read More »

Many (likely most) gas pipeline companies struggle with lost-and-unaccounted-for-gas (L&U) and it can be a significant cost to their bottom line as shown below. As shown in this inset, by reducing L&U from 0.6 percent to .25 percent, a typical company with a 2 BCF daily throughput could save Over 7.6 million dollars annually based …

HOW TO PERFORM A LOST & UNACCOUNTED-FOR GAS PROGRAM Read More »

Measuring natural gas is both a science and an art. Guidelines and industry practices explain how to accurately measure natural gas. The ‘art” comes in trying to minimize errors and prevent measurement problems. However, sometime it’s easier to explain “how not” to measure gas when reviewing measurement errors. Measurement errors can be caused through poor …

HOW TO NOT MEASURE GAS – ORIFICE Read More »

With the recent release of the Green House Gas Regulations, the increased visibility of flaring natural gas and increased awareness of royalty owners, the ability to accurately measure and account for the amount of product flared from a facility has become increasingly important to regulators, royalty owners and operators. In the past, flare gas was …

FLARE MEASUREMENT Read More »

Pressure calibration is as important today as it has been for a very long time, but the way calibration is done and the equipment used to do it has changed drastically. In the past it was a standard practice to use a primary standard for pressure calibration. That standard was normally a dead weight tester …

FACTORS AFFECTING DIGITAL PRESSURE CALIBRATION ASSOCIATED TECHNIQUES, USES, TRACEABILITY, AND PROBLEMS Read More »

In any discussion of ethics, the first issue is always nomenclature. Unfortunately, this is often the topic that receives the least attention. Frequently, those involved in the conversation conduct deep insightful discourses in which there is virtually no understanding exchanged, although the participants will all agree that the quality of the rhetoric was outstanding. The …

ETHICS Read More »

The use of electronics is evolving in the measurement industry. • The technology of measurement and control has evolved over the past few decades. • Systems have moved from mechanical devices that were read on site to early versions of electronic systems that were polled infrequently. • Current systems can control several devices such as …

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS IN MEASUREMENT Read More »

The purpose of this paper is discuss various methods to mitigate experienced problems when it comes to measurement data collection and discuss possible solutions. I think there is great benefit in providing a current state summary of measurement data collection as we sit today and discuss how technology and metrics are continuously being utilized to …

EFM Data Communications Problems and Solutions Read More »

Flow conditioning is one of the most critical aspects dealing with any type of volumetric flow metering. Flow conditioning is the final buffer between the flow meter and the upstream piping layout and is responsible for eliminating swirl, restoring flow symmetry and generating a repeatable, fully developed velocity flow profile. Even though modern advancements have …

FLUID FLOW CONDITIONING FOR METER ACCURACY AND REPEATABILITY Read More »

One of the most common measurement errors and the most difficult to identify in natural gas metering systems is that caused by pulsating flow. It is important to understand the effects that pulsations have on the common types of flow meters used in the gas industry so that potential error-producing mechanisms can be identified and …

EFFECTS AND CONTROL OF PULSATION IN GAS MEASUREMENT Read More »