Papers

Today’s oil & gas industry is facing major technology changes in the field automation
and control of devices. In the past nearly all SCADA and EFM devices only had a serial
port to gather the data. These devices now have Ethernet ports along with serial ports,
to communicate, control, program and transmit the data back to a company central
data gathering/polling host.

The measurement of natural gas liquids (NGL) is similar in many respects to that of other hydrocarbon liquids but is
markedly different in other aspects. The main difference in NGL measurement is the need to properly address the effects of
solution mixing. Measuring NGL by mass measurement techniques will properly address solution mixing effects because the
mass measurement process is not sensitive to the effect that pressure, temperature and solution mixing have on the fluid
measured.

In the gas industry a standard unit of measure is required. In the English system it is the standard cubic foot. In the metric, it
is the standard cubic meter. This standard unit is the basis of all exchange in the gas industry. When the unit of purchase is
the energy content (BTU) we achieve it by multiplying the BTU content of a standard cubic foot times the number of cubic
feet delivered to the customer. So we must obtain standard cubic feet or meters.

This paper presents fundamental information necessary to understand and appreciate the concept of total
gas energy in a natural gas pipeline. That is, to be able to converse with peers within the natural gas industry
and understand basic concepts and terminology.

The first gas company in the U.S., The Gas Light Company of Baltimore, Maryland, founded in 1816, struggled for years
with financial and technical problems while operating on a “flat rate” basis. Its growth was slow with the charge for gas
service beyond the pocketbook of the majority.

Since the early 1980s, Coriolis meters have gained
worldwide acceptance in gas, liquid, and slurry
applications with an installed base of more than one
million units

Many (likely most) gas pipeline companies struggle with lost-and-unaccounted-for-gas (L&U) and it can be a significant cost to their bottom line as shown below.

With the recent release of the Green House Gas Regulations, the increased visibility of flaring natural gas and
increased awareness of royalty owners, the ability to accurately measure and account for the amount of product
flared from a facility has become increasingly important to regulators,

There are many factors that must be considered to properly design a liquid measurement station. While many of the components of measurement stations are similar, the criterion that determines the equipment to utilize for a given application or product can vary significantly from project to project.

Measurement requires the highest level of ethical integrity in an industry that relies on ethical integrity at every level. A
measurement professional is the provider of data to all the other professionals involved in the petroleum industry. If the
measurement professional fails at their assigned duties, all the other branches of this industry make decisions based on poor
data, or, in the worst case, false data.