Papers

The purpose of this paper will be to compare a plug and seat regulator to a control valve for high-pressure natural gas installations such as: power plants, city gate stations, large industrial customers, compressor stations, and storage fields. The features, benefits, capabilities, and differences of both devices will be outlined, to enable the reader to …

COMPARING PLUG & SEAT REGULATORS & CONTROL VALVES Read More »

nspections and tests on regulators and relief valves is a Department of Transportation Compliance rule. The sections within the DOT manual stating the rule include 192.351 through 192.359, 192.751, 192.479, 192.481, 192.739, and 192.741. Keep in mind; these rules are the minimum required tests. Your Company or Regulatory Agency may be more stringent and require …

PERIODIC INSPECTION OF REGFULATORS AND RELIEF VALVES Read More »

The condition of gas as it presents itself in the pipeline is often not ideal for accurate measurement, by an orifice flow meter. It is the requirement of the American Gas Association (AGA) that the natural gas be in a single phase and with a swirl-free fully developed profile as it passes across the orifice …

PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT EFFECTS ON ORIFICE MEASUREMENT Read More »

Between 1999 and 2005, the Gas Technology Institute (GTI), the American Petroleum Institute (API), the United States Minerals Management Service (MMS), and the Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) co- sponsored an extensive natural gas sampling research program at the Metering Research Facility (MRF), located at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI). The results of this research provided …

LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE API MPMS, CHAPTER 14.1 GAS SAMPLING RESEARCH PROJECT Read More »

Extraction of natural gas from shale formations has increased the focus on determining the quality of the gas extracted and processed. One of the key attributes of natural gas during its various stages of processing is its “Hydrocarbon Dewpoint”. This figure refers to the temperature at which the gas stream undergoes a phase transition to …

Accurate Measurement of Hydrocarbon Dewpoint in Natural Gas Streams Read More »

The gas chromatograph (GC) is an integral component of the natural gas custody metering station and has a large impact on the accuracy of the fiscal flow calculation. For this reason it is imperative that you install, operate and maintain the GC with the goal of maximum reliability and accuracy.

Over 300 people died in an explosion on March 18, 1937 in a New London, Texas public school building. The natural gas that was being delivered to the school building was not odorized. At that time the natural gas was odorless, and there wasn’t a law on record to mandate Odorization.

H2O vapor is an undesirable component of natural gas. It takes up space in the pipeline and provides no fuel value. In higher concentrations it can condense into liquid water in the pipeline and cause corrosion, especially in the presence of carbon dioxide or H2S. Liquid water can also cause damage to turbines. Because of …

DEVICES FOR FIELD DETERMINATION OF H2O IN NATURAL GAS Read More »

While inaccuracies in measurement can be costly and common, they are also avoidable in many cases. Technicians willing to study the experiences and best practices of industry leaders can make a world of difference by applying what they’ve learned and sharing this knowledge with others. Composite sampling is a straightforward method. When managed correctly, samplers …

TECHNIQUES OF COMPOSITE SAMPLING Read More »

The monetary value of natural gas is based on its energy content and volume. The energy content and physical constants utilized in determining its volume are computed from analysis. Therefore correct assessment of the value of natural gas is dependent to a large extent on overall analytical accuracy.