Papers

What is a standard? Why are standards important? Merriam-Webster dictionary defines standard as: 1) “a conspicuous object (as a banner) formerly carried at the top of a pole and used to mark a rallying point especially in battle or to serve as an emblem” 2) “something established by authority, custom, or general consent as a …

An Overview of Industry Standards Related to Natural Gas Measurement Read More »

The American Gas Association published Report No. 9, Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic Meters 2nd Edition [Ref 1] in April 2007. Report 9 details recommended practice for using multipath gas ultrasonic meters (USMs) in fiscal (custody) measurement applications. This paper reviews some of history behind the development of AGA Report No. 9 (often referred to as …

An Overview of AGA 9 – Ultrasonic Meters Read More »

This paper is directed to ultrasonic natural gas meters using transit time across the gas pipe as the measurement variable. Custody transfer meters using sensors wetted with gas are the more familiar meter format. Clamp-on meters are quite similar.

Measurement in today’s natural gas pipeline systems encompasses many challenges. Measurement departments are faced with tighter system measurement balances than they were ten short years ago. Ultrasonic meters are the meter of choice to help with these challenges. Pipeline companies have pushed USM manufacturers to advance the USM technology to help with the challenges of …

Ultrasonic Meter Flow Calibrations Wet & Dry Read More »

A mass flowmeter is a system that provides a measurement of fluid flow in units of mass; pounds, tons. The Coriolis flowmeter is a type of flowmeter which measures the mass of the fluid flow directly. Coriolis mass flowmeters were first introduced more than 30 years ago. Global acceptance has spread across all industries where …

Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Liquid and Gas Measurement Read More »

We have all heard of or seen the devastating effects of a direct lightning burst. Communication equipment destroyed. Transmitters and EFM devices vaporized into slag metal. Complete process and measurement systems down with extended recovery times. These effects are the most dramatic and the easiest to trace. However, these kinds of events are rare. The …

Transient Lightning Protection for Electronic Measurement Devices Read More »

Many (likely most) gas pipeline companies struggle with lost-and-unaccountaed-for-gas (L&U) and it can be a significant cost to their bottom line as shown below.

This presentation addresses problems associated with moisture and corrosion caused by high relative humidity and airborne contaminants. By controlling moisture and corrosion long-term, many problems associated with sensitive field electronics can be avoided.

The speed of sound in natural gas is the velocity a sound wave travels in the gas. There are a number of gas properties that affect the speed of sound and they include the composition of the gas, the pressure of the gas and the temperature of the gas. The American Gas Association Report No. …

Understanding AGA Report #10 – Natural Gas Speed of Sound Read More »

In today’s competitive gas market, utility companies must meet aggressive market strategies or suffer the consequences. All industries have cash registers, and gas distribution is no exception. Our measuring stations are our cash register. The problem is, these stations were designed 10, 20, 30 or even 50 years ago, and are now performing tasks they …

Coping with Changing Flow Requirements at Existing Meter Stations Read More »