Papers

Electricity has become the life blood of our society. From years past of it being a miracle just to switch on a light bulb, to something that is used 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Today, we depend on it for every aspect of our lives, yet take it completely for granted. Electricity …

BASIC ELECTRONICS FOR FIELD MEASUREMENT Read More »

This paper will address concepts of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) Systems and their application to the measurement industry. An important focus of the paper is to provide the reader with an understanding of the technology and with guidelines to be used to evaluate this equipment as part of an automation project.

Auditing evolved as a business practice as owners began to realize a standardized form of accounting must exist to prevent fraud. Financial audits made their way into businesses during the late 1700s. The industrial revolution brought about the separation of job duties beyond what a sole proprietor or family could oversee. Managers were hired to …

AUDITING ELECTRONIC GAS MEASUREMENT PER API MPMS, CHAPTER 21.1 Read More »

The measurement of oil & gas production has progressed considerably since the days of paper charts and manual integration. While still in use today, the technology has moved increasingly to microprocessor based flow computers. Such devices allow for greater measurement accuracy, increased control functionality, and are readily integrated into a company’s enterprise computer networks.

From these consent or by an organization; be a “yardstick” to measure quantity, quality, and value; and be a “base or support” upon which one can built procedures and policies. definitions, it appears that one could conclude that a standard should have value; be established by general Standards have been developed and are continually being …

AN OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRY STANDARDS RELATED TO NATURAL GAS MEASUREMENT Read More »

The American Gas Association published Report No. 9, Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic Meters 2nd Edition [Ref 1] in April 2007. Report 9 details recommended practice for using multipath gas ultrasonic meters (USMs) in fiscal (custody) measurement applications. This paper reviews some of history behind the development of AGA Report No. 9 (often referred …

AN OVERVIEW AND UPDATE OF AGA 9 Read More »

We say Advanced Wireless Data Radio Communication Systems Design Process not because this is a more in- depth and more technical process, but because the systems involved are complex in nature and must be carefully designed and programmed. If anything, what I want to do is teach you a more simplified approach and technique to …

ADVANCED COMMUNICATION DESIGNS Read More »

This paper describes the current contents of the United States (U.S.) orifice flow metering standard − American Petroleum Institute (API) Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 14.3, “Orifice Metering of Natural Gas and Other Related Hydrocarbon Fluids,” Part 2, “Specification and Installation Requirements.”[1] This document is also known as American Gas Association Report No. …

A REVIEW OF API MPMS CHAPTER 14.3/AGA REPORT NO. 3 − PART 2 Read More »

This paper provides an overview of the recently released Gas Quality Management Manual [1] that was developed by the American Gas Association Transmission Measurement Committee over a period of roughly seven years. The manual pulls together a wide range of information and provides context that allows both the expert and the novice to understand the …

AN OVERVIEW OF THE AGA GAS QUALITY MANAGEMENT MANUAL Read More »

Natural gas measurement today is accomplished through the use of two different classifications of gas meters. The first consists of inferential type meters, including, orifice, ultra-sonic and turbine meters, and the second is the positive displacement meters, which consist of diaphragm and rotary displacement meters. The inferential type meters are so-called because rather than measuring …

FUNDAMENTALS OF ROTARY DISPLACEMENT METERS Read More »