Papers

The Thermal Oxidizer plays a vital role in the gas industry, effectively mitigating harmful emissions such as EPA Toxic Release Inventories Gases (TRI), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX), and methane (Natural Gas).

Hydrocarbon Dew Point (HDP) remains one of the key quality parameters of natural gas streams. Its determination is needed for operational and safety considerations, as well as to satisfy tariffs and regulations in US and overseas pipeline operations.

Historically, oil and gas companies have focused on keeping hydrogen out of their pipelines to avoid product contamination, prevent hydrogen embrittlement damage to the steel, and support measurement accuracy. Now, we have an industry-wide shift as part of the “hydrogen economy” to tap into the capabilities of this alternative fuel source.

There are many factors that must be considered to properly design a liquid measurement station. While many of the components of measurement stations are similar, the criterion that determines the equipment to utilize for a given application or product can vary significantly from project to project.

Today’s smart measurement devices produce significant diagnostics information. When the diagnostics from the various devices are collected, trended, and integrated, operators can remotely and continuously identify measurement problems. The vocabulary associated with this topic is evolving. In the past, the industry used terms such as SCADA and Condition Based Monitoring to describe this process.

The continual flow of information from field measurement technicians to measurement analysts in the corporate office is extremely demanding and creates tremendous and constant challenges for all organizations.

Many (likely most) gas pipeline companies struggle with lost-and-unaccounted-for-gas (L&U) and it can be a significant cost to their bottom line as shown below.

Thiols (mercaptans), alkyl sulfides (dimethyl sulfide and methyl ethyl sulfide), and cyclic sulfides, such as tetrahydrothiophene, have been widely used in the odorization of natural and liquefied petroleum gas due to the fact that natural gas does not possess an odor.

Advancements in electronic gas and liquid measurement systems, SCADA systems, data management, and business intelligence software is increasing the access to reliable data. This is both good and bad for the measurement staff who rely on this data to make decisions.

Turbine meters have been used for the custody transfer of refined petroleum products and light crude oils for over 40 years. When correctly applied, they offer high accuracy and long service life over a wide range of products and operating conditions. Traditionally turbine metes were used for the measurement of low viscosity liquids and PD …

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