Papers

In order to understand the chemistry of natural gas, it is important to be familiar with some basic concepts of general chemistry.
Here are some definitions you should know:
Matter – anything that has mass and occupies space.
Energy – the capacity to do work or transfer heat.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss in depth the systems we use as a standard to sample natural gas liquids, or NGL’s. Before we discuss the systems and methods used to sample these products, we must first clearly define what NGL’s are. NGL’s can be a combination of any fluid in liquid form …

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Pressure calibration is as important today as it has been for a very long time, but the way calibration is done and the
equipment used to do it has changed drastically.

Electronic gas measurement auditing or EFM auditing is a very important process in the natural gas industry. Within the last
twenty years, the natural gas industry has changed from the dry flow chart recorder to the Electronic flow Computer(EFM) as
the primary method of recording the measurement data for custody transfer.

The use of electronics is evolving in the measurement industry.
• The technology of measurement and control has evolved over the past few decades.

The necessity to be able to take a representative sample of the hydrocarbon product known as natural gas is to ensure proper accounting for transactions and efficient product processing. The various sampling methods that are available and the most widely known options and limitations of these methods are discussed here.

Measurement technicians deal with electronic flow computing and field devices daily. Most of the field instrumentation are
tightly integrated in a complete system with interdependencies on several different electronic products. The larger the
metering station, the more complex the system.

This presentation addresses problems associated with moisture and corrosion caused by high relative humidity and airborne contaminants. By controlling moisture and corrosion long-term, many problems associated with sensitive field electronics can be avoided.

The measurement of oil & gas production has progressed considerably since the days of paper charts and manual integration. Technology has moved increasingly to microprocessor based flow computers allowing for greater measurement accuracy, increased control functionality, and ready integration into a company’s enterprise computer networks.

An ultrasonic meter falls into the classification of inferential meters. Unlike positive displacement meters that capture volume to totalize volume, inferential meters measure flowing gas velocity to totalize volume. Ultrasonic meters use sound waves to measure flowing gas velocity to infer volume.