Papers

The data produced by Gas Chromatograph (GC) laboratories is used for many purposes, including product specification,
accounting, safety and environmental compliance issues. The accuracy of this data has direct impact on all of these areas. Auditing laboratories responsible for producing this data is prudent business practice. The audit will provide a means of process improvement, through proper identification of deficiencies and a precise plan for corrective action. The level of confidence in analytical results will increase when the appropriate corrective actions are implemented. The amount of financial and legal exposure can be reduced from a properly executed audit program.

A Coriolis mass flow meter is a meter that can be used to measure liquids and gases. It directly measures mass and density and these can be used to calculate actual volume flow in liquids. With gas applications the mass can be converted back to standard conditions with some simple math and a verification of …

CORIOLIS MASS FLOW METERS FOR GAS AND LIQUID MEASUREMENT Read More »

In today’s competitive gas market, utility companies must meet aggressive market strategies or suffer the consequences. All industries have cash registers, and gas distribution is no exception. Our measuring stations are our cash register. The problem is, these stations were designed 10, 20, 30 or even 50 years ago, and are now performing tasks they …

COPING WITH CHANGING FLOW REQUIREMENTS AT EXISTING METERING STATIONS Read More »

The Natural Gas and Oil industry is continually driven by cost cutting measures and the need to gain more operational efficiencies and visibility to regulatory requirements. This paper summarizes a solution in which wireless instruments integrate with other conventional equipment to offer a rapidly deployable advanced well optimization system.

There are many in our industry who would consider the advancement of the ultrasonic meter to be one of the most important improvements in gas measurement in the past twenty years. It is my opinion that the immense improvement in gas measurement is not so much the ultrasonic meter itself. Instead, I believe it is …

CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF ULTRASONIC METERS Read More »

There is no substitute for well maintained, properly installed, and properly performing measurement equipment. Industry- standard measurement equipment installation, operation, and maintenance provide the raw data necessary for those dealing with natural gas liquids (NGLs) to transact business. Then, this raw data can be adjusted or converted to values suitable for transactions to take place …

CALCULATION OF NATURAL GAS LIQUID QUANTITIES Read More »

The speed of sound in natural gas is the velocity a sound wave travels in the gas. There are a number of gas properties that affect the speed of sound and they include the composition of the gas, the pressure of the gas, and the temperature of the gas. The American Gas Association (AGA) Report …

CALCULATING THE SPEED OF SOUND IN NATURAL GAS — AGA REPORT NO. 10 TO AGA REPORT NO. 8 Read More »

Measurement technicians deal with electronic flow computing and field devices daily. Most of the field instrumentation are tightly integrated in a complete system with interdependencies on several different electronic products. The larger the metering station, the more complex the system. Basic field duties related to electronic instrumentation would include: Some of into and out of …

BASIC ELECTRONICS FOR FIELD MEASUREMENT Read More »

Within the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry, the custody transfer of natural gas is usually determined by orifice measurement which is governed by a sales agreement between the producer and pipeline company. In most cases, the gas sales agreement references a combination of American Gas Association (AGA), American Petroleum Institute (API), and Gas Processors Association (GPA) standards which are to be incorporated into the custody measurement procedures. Verification that the physical deliveries of natural gas are accurate and accountable, for both parties, is fundamental to the business cycle that occurs each month. This paper reviews the relationships between producer and pipeline, the varying responsibilities of each party, and some useful methods to produce more accurate and accountable natural gas measurement results.

Introduction AUTOMATING GAS MEASUREMENT Richard L. Cline Cline SofTechnology (CST) This paper will address concepts of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) Systems and their application to the measurement industry. An important focus of the paper is to provide the reader with an understanding of the technology and with guidelines to be used to evaluate …

AUTOMATING GAS MEASUREMENT Read More »