Papers

Today’s smart measurement devices produce significant diagnostics information. When the diagnostics from the various devices are collected, trended, and integrated, operators can remotely and continuously identify measurement problems. The vocabulary associated with this topic is evolving. In the past, the industry used terms such as SCADA and Condition Based Monitoring to describe this process.

The continual flow of information from field measurement technicians to measurement analysts in the corporate office is extremely demanding and creates tremendous and constant challenges for all organizations.

Many (likely most) gas pipeline companies struggle with lost-and-unaccounted-for-gas (L&U) and it can be a significant cost to their bottom line as shown below.

Thiols (mercaptans), alkyl sulfides (dimethyl sulfide and methyl ethyl sulfide), and cyclic sulfides, such as tetrahydrothiophene, have been widely used in the odorization of natural and liquefied petroleum gas due to the fact that natural gas does not possess an odor.

Advancements in electronic gas and liquid measurement systems, SCADA systems, data management, and business intelligence software is increasing the access to reliable data. This is both good and bad for the measurement staff who rely on this data to make decisions.

Turbine meters have been used for the custody transfer of refined petroleum products and light crude oils for over 40 years. When correctly applied, they offer high accuracy and long service life over a wide range of products and operating conditions. Traditionally turbine metes were used for the measurement of low viscosity liquids and PD …

FUNDAMENTALS OF LIQUID TURBINE METERS Read More »

Overpressure protective devices are of vital concern to the gas industry. Safety codes and current laws require their installation each time a pressure reducing station is installed that supplies gas from any system to another system with a lower maximum allowable operating pressure.

In the gas industry, there are two basic types of regulators used for both pressure reducing and back pressure (relief) control. The two types are:

The history of orifice metering began in the early 1900’s. The first test data was done by the U.S. Geological Survey and in 1913 the first “Handbook of Natural Gas” was published. So, as you can tell, orifice metering has been around for over 100 years and in that time, much has been learned and …

FUNDAMENTALS OF ORIFICE METERING Read More »

Natural Gas has no innate odor, color, or taste; therefore, odorization is one of the most important aspects to safely transporting natural gas to customers in a distribution system. As demand for natural gas rises as does the technology involved in odorization.