Papers

The introduction of Cellular Digital Packet Data technology (CDPD) came about after the build out of the cellular voice systems in the United States. The designers of those systems realized a part of that technology was not being used that could send short burst packets of data without interfering with the voice transmissions. The definition …

CELLULAR DIGITAL PACKET DATA TECHNOLOGY FOR SCADA AND TELEMETRY APPLICATIONS Read More »

Today’s changing world of computers and data communications is an exciting time and is bringing major changes to the gas industry. Especially when evaluating whether to communicate with remote electronic gas measurement (EGM) devices and determining what communications media types will be installed

The EMC Chart Integrator, Model 362, is a digital computer based system for translating orifice meter chart records into accurate billing-compatible data on integrated flow (chart extension), average pressure and flow time. It is designed to accommodate American/ Barton and Foxboro charts, as the pens can be mounted so as to pivot in the same …

OPERATION OF ORIFICE METER CHART INTEGRATION Read More »

Contracts involving the sale, gathering, transportation, processing, storage, marketing, compression, and other services provided by the typical natural gas organization are crafted with contributions from several different functional groups and individuals. The expertise of these different groups and individuals is needed to put into writing an agreement that will allow an organization to invest capital …

GAS CONTRACTS: THEN AND NOW Read More »

Natural Gas: A combustible mixture of methane and higher hydrocarbons used chiefly as fuel and raw material. To safely produce natural gas and natural gas products, a basic understanding of the hazards of the material itself and the processes required to bring it to market is essential. Let’s start out with the hazards of natural …

FUNDAMENTALS OF NATURAL GAS SAFETY Read More »

The Gas Industry Standards Board (GISB) has been fortunate to develop public-private partnerships with several agencies, and these partnerships have contributed to GISB’s credibility and its success. GISB strives to be responsive to the industry and government agencies through the efforts of its volunteers. Without the commitment of the members and interested industry participants, we …

THE GAS INDUSTRY STANDARDS BOARD (AN EXAMPLE OF A PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP) Read More »

The main reason for auditing natural gas charts is the economic benefit derived from it. Because audits require skilled manpower to be performed and administered, there are costs involved. However, audits are advantageous because their benefits generally outweigh their costs, many times significantly. One of the principal responsibilities of the management of any group organized …

CHART AUDITING Read More »

It has been stated that measurement is the cash register in the exchange of natural gas. The natural gas business is based on the buying and selling of this commodity. Measurement is responsible for balancing the input (buying) and output (selling). Errors, on either side of this equation, effect the balance the entire business is …

ELECTRONIC GAS MEASUREMENT AUDITING Read More »

The gas industry today is constantly changing, with increasing demands on office and field personnel. Initially there was FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission) Order 636 that forced the gas measurement departments into the electronic age. Next came corporate slashing that has required the gas measurement groups to perform at the same level of integrity in …

COMMUNICATION BETWEEN OFFICE AND FIELD PERSONNEL Read More »

A gas pressure regulator is an automatic device which controls the media flow and maintains a desired media pressure while reducing the media supply pressure. The basic regulator could be an operator at a control valve watching a pressure gauge. The valve is manually opened to allow the line pressure to achieve the desired gauge …

FUNDAMENTALS OF PRESSURE REGULATION Read More »