FUNDAMENTALS OF PRESSURE REGULATORS
In the gas industry, there are two basic types of regulators used for both pressure reducing and back pressure (relief) control. The two types are:
Papers
FUNDAMENTALS OF ORIFICE METERING
The history of orifice metering began in the early 1900’s. The first test data was done by the U.S. Geological Survey and in 1913 the first “Handbook of Natural Gas” was published. So, as you can tell, orifice metering has been around for over 100 years and in that time, much has been learned and …
PRINCIPLES OF ODORIZATION
Natural Gas has no innate odor, color, or taste; therefore, odorization is one of the most important aspects to safely transporting natural gas to customers in a distribution system. As demand for natural gas rises as does the technology involved in odorization.
FUNDAMENTALS OF NGL SAMPLING SYSTEMS
The purpose of this paper is to discuss in depth the systems we use as a standard to sample natural gas liquids, or NGL’s. Before we discuss the systems and methods used to sample these products, we must first clearly define what NGL’s are. NGL’s can be a combination of any fluid in liquid form …
FUNDAMENTALS OF NGL METER STATION DESIGN
This paper provides a fundamental overview of an NGL meter station design reviewing the nuances of configuring similar components in different ways. There are multiple considerations that influence the meter station design and all must be taken into account. Major considerations are: what product or products will be measured, what meter technology to utilize, and …
FUNDAMENTALS OF NATURAL GAS LIQUID MEASUREMENT
The measurement of natural gas liquids (NGL) is similar in many respects to that of other hydrocarbon liquids but is markedly different in other aspects. The main difference in NGL measurement is the need to properly address the effects of solution mixing.
FUNDAMENTALS OF NATURAL GAS FLOW MEASUREMENT USING CLAMP-ON ULTRASONIC FLOW METERS
Clamp-on ultrasonic gas flow measurement overview
FUNDAMENTALS OF NATURAL GAS CHEMISTRY
In order to understand the chemistry of natural gas, it is important to be familiar with some basic concepts of general chemistry. Here are some definitions you should know:
FUNDAMENTALS OF MULTIPATH ULTRASONIC FLOW METERS FOR LIQUID MEASUREMENT
The use of Liquid Ultrasonic Meters for liquid petroleum applications such as custody transfer or allocation measurement is gaining world wide acceptance by the Oil Industry. Ultrasonic technology is well established but the use of this technology for custody transfer and allocation measurement is relatively new.
FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE METERS
The majority of all gas measurement used in the world today is performed by two basic types of meters, positive displacement and inferential. Positive displacement meters, consisting mainly of diaphragm and rotary style devices, generally account for lower volume measurement.
