Papers

The measurement of oil & gas production has progressed considerably since the days of paper charts and manual integration.
While still in use today, the technology has moved increasingly to microprocessor based flow computers. Such devices allow
for greater measurement accuracy, increased control functionality, and are readily integrated into a company’s enterprise
computer networks.

Verifying the correct operation and accuracy of the Gas Chromatograph (GC) is an integral part of a custody transfer metering system, and involves ensuring the accuracy of the analyzer at the time of testing, as well as confirming that the GC performed properly during the periods between validations and assessing the likelihood of continued proper …

Verifying Gas Chromatographs at Custody Transfer Locations Read More »

Well and pipeline flow rates are often variable. Shale wells experience a steep decline curve. Pad drilling can bring on new wells, increasing flow, followed by declining flow in the future. This paper describes a strategy that can be employed to increase the operational flow range over which an orifice meter may be operated, thus lowering costs. Orifice meter turndown can be greater than is often assumed.

This paper provides a fundamental overview of an NGL meter station design reviewing the nuances of configuring similar components in different ways. There are multiple considerations that influence the meter station design and all must be taken into account. Major considerations are: what product or products will be measured, what meter technology to utilize, and …

Fundamentals Of Ngl Meter Station Design Read More »

In order to understand the chemistry of natural gas, it is important to be familiar with some basic concepts of general chemistry.
Here are some definitions you should know:
Matter – anything that has mass and occupies space.
Energy – the capacity to do work or transfer heat.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss in depth the systems we use as a standard to sample natural gas liquids, or NGL’s. Before we discuss the systems and methods used to sample these products, we must first clearly define what NGL’s are. NGL’s can be a combination of any fluid in liquid form …

Fundamentals Of Ngl Sampling Systems Read More »

Pressure calibration is as important today as it has been for a very long time, but the way calibration is done and the
equipment used to do it has changed drastically.

Electronic gas measurement auditing or EFM auditing is a very important process in the natural gas industry. Within the last
twenty years, the natural gas industry has changed from the dry flow chart recorder to the Electronic flow Computer(EFM) as
the primary method of recording the measurement data for custody transfer.

The use of electronics is evolving in the measurement industry.
• The technology of measurement and control has evolved over the past few decades.

The necessity to be able to take a representative sample of the hydrocarbon product known as natural gas is to ensure proper accounting for transactions and efficient product processing. The various sampling methods that are available and the most widely known options and limitations of these methods are discussed here.